Whether healthcare is being provided in a sudden-onset emergency which has caused acute mass displacement or in a neighbouring country with a protracted conflict, healthcare providers working with displaced populations are likely to face acute medical presentations for which a delay in appropriate management could result in mortality, morbidity or disability. Although healthcare providers must only act within their ability with the resources available, adequate preparation, consideration of service design and adopting an integrated approach as outlined in Chapter 8.1 are essential while the implementation of triage and referral systems as outlined in Chapter 8.2 are also mandatory. Emergency presentations are varied and often influenced by the specific context, with the prevalence of certain presentations for example dependent on living conditions, climate, presence of endemic or epidemic disease, duration of …